This report examines the evolving defence-industrial and security relationship between India and Canada against geopolitical pressures reshaping both countries’ strategic calculations in 2025. It maps existing cooperation frameworks, analyzes the industrial ecosystem connecting Canadian and Indian private sectors, and identifies core areas of compatibility spanning maritime security, peacekeeping operations, defence manufacturing, cybersecurity, and critical minerals supply chains.

The analysis acknowledges structural constraints—export controls, technology integration limitations, and procurement complexities—that define feasible cooperation pathways while avoiding aspirational rhetoric disconnected from institutional realities. Drawing on recent bilateral engagements including the October 2025 Joint Statement and ongoing Track 1.5 dialogues, the report offers actionable policy recommendations for institutionalizing cooperation through ministerial oversight, industry capacity-building programs, and fast-tracked demonstration projects. It provides policymakers, industry stakeholders, and strategic analysts with a rigorous assessment of how two middle powers can build meaningful defence-industrial partnership within their respective alliance architectures and threat environments.