This report examines the critical need to modernize confidence-building measures (CBMs) between nuclear-armed India and Pakistan due to escalating tensions and evolving security challenges. It highlights the limitations of existing nuclear and conventional CBMs, the breakdown in dialogue since 2012, and recent dangerous incidents. The report proposes short, medium, and long-term recommendations encompassing enhanced communication, agreements on new technologies, and risk-reduction centers. Ultimately, it argues that updating these mechanisms is essential to prevent miscalculations, reduce the risk of escalation, and foster regional stability despite persistent political obstacles and deep-seated mistrust between the two nations.