This report examines India’s pursuit of nuclear energy expansion through Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and significant regulatory reforms aimed at increasing private sector involvement. It analyzes the potential of SMRs to help India meet its growing energy demands and climate goals, particularly the target of a tenfold increase in nuclear capacity by 2047. The report highlights existing legal and regulatory hurdles, such as the Atomic Energy Act of 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act of 2010, and discusses proposed amendments and the establishment of a National Nuclear Energy Mission to address these challenges. Furthermore, it considers the implications of involving private entities, including safety, security, non-proliferation concerns, and the necessity of an independent regulatory body, while also touching upon land acquisition and public acceptance issues.