Building Resilience: The India-Canada Critical Minerals Partnership in an Era of Strategic Competition

This report examines India-Canada critical minerals cooperation amid China’s supply chain dominance and weaponization. It analyzes both nations’ regulatory landscapes, strategic vulnerabilities, and partnership opportunities across exploration, processing, and downstream manufacturing. Drawing on policy documents and industry data through December 2025, it provides actionable recommendations for building resilient alternative supply chains.

Constrained Convergence: Operationalizing India-Canada Security and Defense-Industrial Cooperation

This report examines India-Canada defence-industrial cooperation amid geopolitical pressures and the 2023-24 diplomatic rupture. The report maps existing industrial ties, identifies feasible cooperation areas—maritime security, peacekeeping, cybersecurity, critical minerals—while acknowledging structural constraints from export controls and procurement complexities. It offers actionable recommendations for operationalizing partnership within alliance architectures.

India-Canada Bilateral Trade Relations: Trends, Opportunities, and the Path to CEPA

India-Canada bilateral trade reached CAD 30.9 billion in 2024 but remains underutilized. Despite 2023 diplomatic tensions, economic ties proved resilient. A proposed Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) could add CAD 8.8 billion in trade by 2035. Priority sectors include pharmaceuticals, critical minerals, agriculture, IT services, and clean energy, offering mutual strategic benefits.

Closed-Door Discussion: India-Canada Relations

The closed-door discussion examined ways to safeguard India–Canada ties amid Nijjar’s upcoming trial, focusing on confidence-building measures, diplomatic off-ramps, and media de-escalation. Participants discussed managing political sensitivities during Canada’s election year, planning high-level engagements, and insulating business and people-to-people links from political shocks to preserve recent positive momentum.