This report examines India’s foreign and security policy amid unprecedented geopolitical volatility in 2025. Wild swings characterized great-power relations—from US-Russia rapprochement to renewed sanctions, US-China decoupling to G2 discourse, and NATO revitalization to transatlantic crisis. India faced its most significant conflict with Pakistan since 2019, necessitating unprecedented defense procurement and doctrinal recalibration. Facing US economic nationalism and limited strategic convergence, India pivoted toward middle-power partnerships, securing major trade agreements with the EU, UK, and others. The report analyzes India’s navigation of regional turbulence, recalibration of its technology strategy, defense reforms, and potential for cascading domestic reforms amid a deteriorating strategic environment.