After the Crisis: Three Futures for India and Pakistan

This is the closing report in the series, and it turns from what has happened to what comes next. It asks where the India-Pakistan relationship is heading a year after the April-May 2025 crisis, now that the relationship has been stripped to almost nothing, with no trade, a suspended Indus Waters Treaty, downgraded missions, and severed people-to-people ties.

The 2021 India-Pakistan Ceasefire and the Road Ahead

This report analyzes the 2021 India-Pakistan ceasefire that has successfully endured for four years, providing crucial relief to border communities. The study examines differing national interpretations and concludes that sustaining this rare diplomatic success depends on addressing cross-border terrorism and maintaining political commitment from both sides.