Tag: China

This report is the second in the series and shifts from hardware to power. It examines how the April–May 2025 crisis with India catalyzed the Pakistan Army’s consolidation of domestic control under Asim Munir. Tracking developments chronologically across three fronts- military, political, and judicial- it argues that the crisis let Munir move from expanding power within Pakistan’s hybrid system to changing the system itself.

This report examines how the 7–10 May 2025 India-Pakistan conflict has reshaped Pakistan’s military thinking, procurement, and higher defense organization. Focusing on the period since the crisis, it traces the relative demotion of nuclear “full-spectrum deterrence” in favor of a conventional “Quid Pro Quo Plus” posture built for limited, stand-off, non-contact warfare. It assesses service-by-service acquisitions across the Air Force, Navy, and Army.

The Indian Ocean is seeing growing naval activity from China, Pakistan and major global powers. The analysis examines what these shifts mean for India’s maritime security, energy routes and naval […]

Self-reliance rhetoric is no substitute for strategy here. Unlike China, India cannot isolate its robotics ambitions from the world; its near-term task is to combine international collaboration with the patient […]

Shifts in great-power relations, the emergence of wars and global crises — these are variables India cannot control. What it can drive is its own modernisation

This report examines whether India can sustain drone warfare, not merely whether it can acquire drones. Moving beyond the platform-centric terms that have shaped India’s debate, it reframes drone capability as a question of endurance: the capacity to absorb losses, replenish inventories, adapt under fire, and keep producing through a prolonged conflict.