Recasting India’s Air Defence Architecture: Countering the Drone and Swarm Threat

This report argues that India’s traditional air defence (AD) architecture—reliant on expensive, centralized missile systems—is becoming obsolete against the proliferating threat of low-cost, autonomous drone swarms. The May 2025 “Operation Sindoor” crisis exposed a critical “cost asymmetry”: expending million-dollar interceptors against disposable $2,000 FPV drones is economically unsustainable, allowing adversaries to easily exhaust India’s magazine depth.

Expert Roundtable with NIDS Japan Delegation

The closed-door roundtable between Japan’s National Institute for Defense Studies and Indian experts at CSDR reviewed Indo-Pacific security shifts, major-power rivalry, and implications for regional alignment. It also discussed India-Japan defense cooperation, the Quad’s evolving role, and the increasing influence of the Global South in global governance.